曾与蒿藜同雨露,한때 잡초와 쑥과 함께 비와 이슬을 나누던 곳이 이제는 소나무와 삼나무와 함께 서리와 눈을 견뎌내고 있다.终随松柏到冰霜.かつては雑草やヨモギと共に雨や露を分かち合っていたが、今では松やヒノキと共に霜や雪に耐えている。曾与蒿藜同雨露,Once sharing rain and dew with weeds and wormwood, now enduring frost and snow with pines and cypresses.终随松柏到冰霜.曾与蒿藜同雨露한때 잡초와 쑥과 함께 비와 이슬을 나누던 곳이 이제는 소나무와 삼나무와 함께 서리와 눈을 견뎌내고 있다.,终随松柏到冰霜.譖セ荳手珍阯懷酔髮ィ髴イ�檎サ磯囂譚セ譟丞芦蜀ー髴�曾与蒿藜同雨露,鏇句笌钂胯棞鍚岄洦闇诧紝缁堥殢鏉炬煆鍒板啺闇�终随松柏到冰霜.曾与蒿藜同雨露,한때 잡초와 쑥과 함께 비와 이슬을 나누던 곳이 이제는 소나무와 삼나무와 함께 서리와 눈을 견뎌내고 있다.终随松柏到冰霜.曾与蒿藜同雨露,终随松柏到冰霜.
'''
Netlink message generation/parsing
Copyright 2007 Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
GPLv2+; See copying for details.
'''
import os
import socket
import struct
try:
# try to use python 2.5's netlink support
_dummysock = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK, socket.SOCK_RAW, 0)
_dummysock.bind((0, 0))
del _dummysock
def _nl_bind(descriptor, addr):
descriptor.bind(addr)
def _nl_getsockname(descriptor):
return descriptor.getsockname()
def _nl_send(descriptor, msg):
descriptor.send(msg)
def _nl_recv(descriptor, bufs=16384):
return descriptor.recvfrom(bufs)
except socket.error:
# or fall back to the _netlink C module
try:
import _netlink
def _nl_bind(descriptor, addr):
_netlink.bind(descriptor.fileno(), addr[1])
def _nl_getsockname(descriptor):
return _netlink.getsockname(descriptor.fileno())
def _nl_send(descriptor, msg):
_netlink.send(descriptor.fileno(), msg)
def _nl_recv(descriptor, bufs=16384):
return _netlink.recvfrom(descriptor.fileno(), bufs)
except ImportError:
# or fall back to the ctypes module
import ctypes
libc = ctypes.CDLL(None)
class SOCKADDR_NL(ctypes.Structure):
_fields_ = [("nl_family", ctypes.c_ushort),
("nl_pad", ctypes.c_ushort),
("nl_pid", ctypes.c_int),
("nl_groups", ctypes.c_int)]
def _nl_bind(descriptor, addr):
addr = SOCKADDR_NL(socket.AF_NETLINK, 0, os.getpid(), 0)
return libc.bind(descriptor.fileno(),
ctypes.pointer(addr),
ctypes.sizeof(addr))
def _nl_getsockname(descriptor):
addr = SOCKADDR_NL(0, 0, 0, 0)
len = ctypes.c_int(ctypes.sizeof(addr));
libc.getsockname(descriptor.fileno(),
ctypes.pointer(addr),
ctypes.pointer(len))
return addr.nl_pid, addr.nl_groups;
def _nl_send(descriptor, msg):
return libc.send(descriptor.fileno(), msg, len(msg), 0);
def _nl_recv(descriptor, bufs=16384):
addr = SOCKADDR_NL(0, 0, 0, 0)
len = ctypes.c_int(ctypes.sizeof(addr))
buf = ctypes.create_string_buffer(bufs)
r = libc.recvfrom(descriptor.fileno(),
buf, bufs, 0,
ctypes.pointer(addr), ctypes.pointer(len))
ret = ctypes.string_at(ctypes.pointer(buf), r)
return ret, (addr.nl_pid, addr.nl_groups)
# flags
NLM_F_REQUEST = 1
NLM_F_MULTI = 2
NLM_F_ACK = 4
NLM_F_ECHO = 8
# types
NLMSG_NOOP = 1
NLMSG_ERROR = 2
NLMSG_DONE = 3
NLMSG_OVERRUN = 4
NLMSG_MIN_TYPE = 0x10
class Attr:
def __init__(self, attr_type, data, *values):
self.type = attr_type
if len(values):
self.data = struct.pack(data, *values)
else:
self.data = data
def _dump(self):
hdr = struct.pack("HH", len(self.data)+4, self.type)
length = len(self.data)
pad = ((length + 4 - 1) & ~3 ) - length
return hdr + self.data + b'\0' * pad
def __repr__(self):
return '<Attr type %d, data "%s">' % (self.type, repr(self.data))
def u16(self):
return struct.unpack('H', self.data)[0]
def s16(self):
return struct.unpack('h', self.data)[0]
def u32(self):
return struct.unpack('I', self.data)[0]
def s32(self):
return struct.unpack('i', self.data)[0]
def str(self):
return self.data
def nulstr(self):
return self.data.split('\0')[0]
def nested(self):
return parse_attributes(self.data)
class StrAttr(Attr):
def __init__(self, attr_type, data):
Attr.__init__(self, attr_type, "%ds" % len(data), data.encode('utf-8'))
class NulStrAttr(Attr):
def __init__(self, attr_type, data):
Attr.__init__(self, attr_type, "%dsB" % len(data), data.encode('utf-8'), 0)
class U32Attr(Attr):
def __init__(self, attr_type, val):
Attr.__init__(self, attr_type, "I", val)
class U8Attr(Attr):
def __init__(self, attr_type, val):
Attr.__init__(self, attr_type, "B", val)
class Nested(Attr):
def __init__(self, attr_type, attrs):
self.attrs = attrs
self.type = attr_type
def _dump(self):
contents = []
for attr in self.attrs:
contents.append(attr._dump())
contents = ''.join(contents)
length = len(contents)
hdr = struct.pack("HH", length+4, self.type)
return hdr + contents
NETLINK_ROUTE = 0
NETLINK_UNUSED = 1
NETLINK_USERSOCK = 2
NETLINK_FIREWALL = 3
NETLINK_INET_DIAG = 4
NETLINK_NFLOG = 5
NETLINK_XFRM = 6
NETLINK_SELINUX = 7
NETLINK_ISCSI = 8
NETLINK_AUDIT = 9
NETLINK_FIB_LOOKUP = 10
NETLINK_CONNECTOR = 11
NETLINK_NETFILTER = 12
NETLINK_IP6_FW = 13
NETLINK_DNRTMSG = 14
NETLINK_KOBJECT_UEVENT = 15
NETLINK_GENERIC = 16
class Message:
def __init__(self, msg_type, flags=0, seq=-1, payload=None):
self.type = msg_type
self.flags = flags
self.seq = seq
self.pid = -1
payload = payload or []
if isinstance(payload, list):
contents = []
for attr in payload:
contents.append(attr._dump())
self.payload = b''.join(contents)
else:
self.payload = payload
def send(self, conn):
if self.seq == -1:
self.seq = conn.seq()
self.pid = conn.pid
length = len(self.payload)
hdr = struct.pack("IHHII", length + 4*4, self.type,
self.flags, self.seq, self.pid)
conn.send(hdr + self.payload)
def __repr__(self):
return '<netlink.Message type=%d, pid=%d, seq=%d, flags=0x%x "%s">' % (
self.type, self.pid, self.seq, self.flags, repr(self.payload))
class Connection:
def __init__(self, nltype, groups=0, unexpected_msg_handler=None):
self.descriptor = socket.socket(socket.AF_NETLINK,
socket.SOCK_RAW, nltype)
self.descriptor.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_SNDBUF, 65536)
self.descriptor.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_RCVBUF, 65536)
_nl_bind(self.descriptor, (0, groups))
self.pid, self.groups = _nl_getsockname(self.descriptor)
self._seq = 0
self.unexpected = unexpected_msg_handler
def send(self, msg):
_nl_send(self.descriptor, msg)
def recv(self):
contents, (nlpid, nlgrps) = _nl_recv(self.descriptor)
# XXX: python doesn't give us message flags, check
# len(contents) vs. msglen for TRUNC
msglen, msg_type, flags, seq, pid = struct.unpack("IHHII",
contents[:16])
msg = Message(msg_type, flags, seq, contents[16:])
msg.pid = pid
if msg.type == NLMSG_ERROR:
errno = -struct.unpack("i", msg.payload[:4])[0]
if errno != 0:
err = OSError("Netlink error: %s (%d)" % (
os.strerror(errno), errno))
err.errno = errno
raise err
return msg
def seq(self):
self._seq += 1
return self._seq
def parse_attributes(data):
attrs = {}
while len(data):
attr_len, attr_type = struct.unpack("HH", data[:4])
attrs[attr_type] = Attr(attr_type, data[4:attr_len])
attr_len = ((attr_len + 4 - 1) & ~3 )
data = data[attr_len:]
return attrs