# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU Library General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
# Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA
#
# See the COPYING file for license information.
#
# Copyright (c) 2007 Guillaume Chazarain <guichaz@gmail.com>
# Allow printing with same syntax in Python 2/3
from __future__ import print_function
import errno
import os
import pprint
import pwd
import stat
import struct
import sys
import time
#
# Check for requirements:
# o Linux >= 2.6.20 with I/O accounting and VM event counters
#
ioaccounting = os.path.exists('/proc/self/io')
try:
from iotop.vmstat import VmStat
vmstat_f = VmStat()
except:
vm_event_counters = False
else:
vm_event_counters = True
if not ioaccounting or not vm_event_counters:
print('Could not run iotop as some of the requirements are not met:')
print('- Linux >= 2.6.20 with')
if not ioaccounting:
print(' - I/O accounting support ' \
'(CONFIG_TASKSTATS, CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT, ' \
'CONFIG_TASK_IO_ACCOUNTING)')
if not vm_event_counters:
print(' - VM event counters (CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS)')
sys.exit(1)
from iotop import ioprio, vmstat
from iotop.netlink import Connection, NETLINK_GENERIC, U32Attr, NLM_F_REQUEST
from iotop.genetlink import Controller, GeNlMessage
class DumpableObject(object):
"""Base class for all objects that allows easy introspection when printed"""
def __repr__(self):
return '%s: %s>' % (str(type(self))[:-1], pprint.pformat(self.__dict__))
#
# Interesting fields in a taskstats output
#
class Stats(DumpableObject):
members_offsets = [
('blkio_delay_total', 40),
('swapin_delay_total', 56),
('read_bytes', 248),
('write_bytes', 256),
('cancelled_write_bytes', 264)
]
has_blkio_delay_total = False
def __init__(self, task_stats_buffer):
sd = self.__dict__
for name, offset in Stats.members_offsets:
data = task_stats_buffer[offset:offset + 8]
sd[name] = struct.unpack('Q', data)[0]
# This is a heuristic to detect if CONFIG_TASK_DELAY_ACCT is enabled in
# the kernel.
if not Stats.has_blkio_delay_total:
Stats.has_blkio_delay_total = self.blkio_delay_total != 0
def accumulate(self, other_stats, destination, coeff=1):
"""Update destination from operator(self, other_stats)"""
dd = destination.__dict__
sd = self.__dict__
od = other_stats.__dict__
for member, offset in Stats.members_offsets:
dd[member] = sd[member] + coeff * od[member]
def delta(self, other_stats, destination):
"""Update destination with self - other_stats"""
return self.accumulate(other_stats, destination, coeff=-1)
def is_all_zero(self):
sd = self.__dict__
for name, offset in Stats.members_offsets:
if sd[name] != 0:
return False
return True
@staticmethod
def build_all_zero():
stats = Stats.__new__(Stats)
std = stats.__dict__
for name, offset in Stats.members_offsets:
std[name] = 0
return stats
#
# Netlink usage for taskstats
#
TASKSTATS_CMD_GET = 1
TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID = 1
TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID = 4
TASKSTATS_TYPE_PID = 1
TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS = 3
class TaskStatsNetlink(object):
# Keep in sync with format_stats() and pinfo.did_some_io()
def __init__(self, options):
self.options = options
self.connection = Connection(NETLINK_GENERIC)
controller = Controller(self.connection)
self.family_id = controller.get_family_id('TASKSTATS')
def build_request(self, tid):
return GeNlMessage(self.family_id, cmd=TASKSTATS_CMD_GET,
attrs=[U32Attr(TASKSTATS_CMD_ATTR_PID, tid)],
flags=NLM_F_REQUEST)
def get_single_task_stats(self, thread):
thread.task_stats_request.send(self.connection)
try:
reply = GeNlMessage.recv(self.connection)
except OSError as e:
if e.errno == errno.ESRCH:
# OSError: Netlink error: No such process (3)
return
raise
for attr_type, attr_value in reply.attrs.items():
if attr_type == TASKSTATS_TYPE_AGGR_PID:
reply = attr_value.nested()
break
else:
return
taskstats_data = reply[TASKSTATS_TYPE_STATS].data
if len(taskstats_data) < 272:
# Short reply
return
taskstats_version = struct.unpack('H', taskstats_data[:2])[0]
assert taskstats_version >= 4
return Stats(taskstats_data)
#
# PIDs manipulations
#
def find_uids(options):
"""Build options.uids from options.users by resolving usernames to UIDs"""
options.uids = []
error = False
for u in options.users or []:
try:
uid = int(u)
except ValueError:
try:
passwd = pwd.getpwnam(u)
except KeyError:
print('Unknown user:', u, file=sys.stderr)
error = True
else:
uid = passwd.pw_uid
if not error:
options.uids.append(uid)
if error:
sys.exit(1)
def parse_proc_pid_status(pid):
result_dict = {}
try:
for line in open('/proc/%d/status' % pid):
try:
key, value = line.split(':', 1)
except ValueError:
# Ignore lines that are not formatted correctly as
# some downstream kernels may have weird lines and
# the needed fields are probably formatted correctly.
continue
result_dict[key] = value.strip()
except IOError:
pass # No such process
return result_dict
def safe_utf8_decode(s):
try:
return s.decode('utf-8')
except UnicodeDecodeError:
return s.encode('string_escape')
except AttributeError:
return s
class ThreadInfo(DumpableObject):
"""Stats for a single thread"""
def __init__(self, tid, taskstats_connection):
self.tid = tid
self.mark = True
self.stats_total = None
self.stats_delta = Stats.__new__(Stats)
self.task_stats_request = taskstats_connection.build_request(tid)
def get_ioprio(self):
return ioprio.get(self.tid)
def set_ioprio(self, ioprio_class, ioprio_data):
return ioprio.set_ioprio(ioprio.IOPRIO_WHO_PROCESS, self.tid,
ioprio_class, ioprio_data)
def update_stats(self, stats):
if not self.stats_total:
self.stats_total = stats
stats.delta(self.stats_total, self.stats_delta)
self.stats_total = stats
class ProcessInfo(DumpableObject):
"""Stats for a single process (a single line in the output): if
options.processes is set, it is a collection of threads, otherwise a single
thread."""
def __init__(self, pid):
self.pid = pid
self.uid = None
self.user = None
self.threads = {} # {tid: ThreadInfo}
self.stats_delta = Stats.build_all_zero()
self.stats_accum = Stats.build_all_zero()
self.stats_accum_timestamp = time.time()
def is_monitored(self, options):
if (options.pids and not options.processes and
self.pid not in options.pids):
# We only monitor some threads, not this one
return False
if options.uids and self.get_uid() not in options.uids:
# We only monitor some users, not this one
return False
return True
def get_uid(self):
if self.uid:
return self.uid
# uid in (None, 0) means either we don't know the UID yet or the process
# runs as root so it can change its UID. In both cases it means we have
# to find out its current UID.
try:
uid = os.stat('/proc/%d' % self.pid)[stat.ST_UID]
except OSError:
# The process disappeared
uid = None
if uid != self.uid:
# Maybe the process called setuid()
self.user = None
self.uid = uid
return uid
def get_user(self):
uid = self.get_uid()
if uid is not None and not self.user:
try:
self.user = safe_utf8_decode(pwd.getpwuid(uid).pw_name)
except (KeyError, AttributeError):
self.user = str(uid)
return self.user or '{none}'
def get_cmdline(self):
# A process may exec, so we must always reread its cmdline
try:
proc_cmdline = open('/proc/%d/cmdline' % self.pid)
cmdline = proc_cmdline.read(4096)
except IOError:
return '{no such process}'
proc_status = parse_proc_pid_status(self.pid)
if not cmdline:
# Probably a kernel thread, get its name from /proc/PID/status
proc_status_name = proc_status.get('Name', '')
if proc_status_name:
proc_status_name = '[%s]' % proc_status_name
else:
proc_status_name = '{no name}'
return proc_status_name
suffix = ''
tgid = int(proc_status.get('Tgid', self.pid))
if tgid != self.pid:
# Not the main thread, maybe it has a custom name
tgid_name = parse_proc_pid_status(tgid).get('Name', '')
thread_name = proc_status.get('Name', '')
if thread_name != tgid_name:
suffix += ' [%s]' % thread_name
parts = cmdline.split('\0')
if parts[0].startswith('/'):
first_command_char = parts[0].rfind('/') + 1
parts[0] = parts[0][first_command_char:]
cmdline = ' '.join(parts).strip()
return safe_utf8_decode(cmdline + suffix)
def did_some_io(self, accumulated):
if accumulated:
return not self.stats_accum.is_all_zero()
for t in self.threads.values():
if not t.stats_delta.is_all_zero():
return True
return False
def get_ioprio(self):
priorities = set(t.get_ioprio() for t in self.threads.values())
if len(priorities) == 1:
return priorities.pop()
return '?dif'
def set_ioprio(self, ioprio_class, ioprio_data):
for thread in self.threads.values():
thread.set_ioprio(ioprio_class, ioprio_data)
def ioprio_sort_key(self):
return ioprio.sort_key(self.get_ioprio())
def get_thread(self, tid, taskstats_connection):
thread = self.threads.get(tid, None)
if not thread:
thread = ThreadInfo(tid, taskstats_connection)
self.threads[tid] = thread
return thread
def update_stats(self):
stats_delta = Stats.build_all_zero()
for tid, thread in self.threads.items():
if not thread.mark:
stats_delta.accumulate(thread.stats_delta, stats_delta)
self.threads = dict([(tid, thread) for tid, thread in
self.threads.items() if not thread.mark])
nr_threads = len(self.threads)
if not nr_threads:
return False
stats_delta.blkio_delay_total /= nr_threads
stats_delta.swapin_delay_total /= nr_threads
self.stats_delta = stats_delta
self.stats_accum.accumulate(self.stats_delta, self.stats_accum)
return True
class ProcessList(DumpableObject):
def __init__(self, taskstats_connection, options):
# {pid: ProcessInfo}
self.processes = {}
self.taskstats_connection = taskstats_connection
self.options = options
self.timestamp = time.time()
self.vmstat = vmstat.VmStat()
# A first time as we are interested in the delta
self.update_process_counts()
def get_process(self, pid):
"""Either get the specified PID from self.processes or build a new
ProcessInfo if we see this PID for the first time"""
process = self.processes.get(pid, None)
if not process:
process = ProcessInfo(pid)
self.processes[pid] = process
if process.is_monitored(self.options):
return process
def list_tgids(self):
if self.options.pids:
return self.options.pids
tgids = os.listdir('/proc')
if self.options.processes:
return [int(tgid) for tgid in tgids if '0' <= tgid[0] <= '9']
tids = []
for tgid in tgids:
if '0' <= tgid[0] <= '9':
try:
tids.extend(map(int, os.listdir('/proc/' + tgid + '/task')))
except OSError:
# The PID went away
pass
return tids
def list_tids(self, tgid):
if not self.options.processes:
return [tgid]
try:
tids = list(map(int, os.listdir('/proc/%d/task' % tgid)))
except OSError:
return []
if self.options.pids:
tids = list(set(self.options.pids).intersection(set(tids)))
return tids
def update_process_counts(self):
new_timestamp = time.time()
self.duration = new_timestamp - self.timestamp
self.timestamp = new_timestamp
total_read = total_write = 0
for tgid in self.list_tgids():
process = self.get_process(tgid)
if not process:
continue
for tid in self.list_tids(tgid):
thread = process.get_thread(tid, self.taskstats_connection)
stats = self.taskstats_connection.get_single_task_stats(thread)
if stats:
thread.update_stats(stats)
delta = thread.stats_delta
total_read += delta.read_bytes
total_write += delta.write_bytes
thread.mark = False
return (total_read, total_write), self.vmstat.delta()
def refresh_processes(self):
for process in self.processes.values():
for thread in process.threads.values():
thread.mark = True
total_read_and_write = self.update_process_counts()
self.processes = dict([(pid, process) for pid, process in
self.processes.items() if
process.update_stats()])
return total_read_and_write
def clear(self):
self.processes = {}