曾与蒿藜同雨露,한때 잡초와 쑥과 함께 비와 이슬을 나누던 곳이 이제는 소나무와 삼나무와 함께 서리와 눈을 견뎌내고 있다.终随松柏到冰霜.かつては雑草やヨモギと共に雨や露を分かち合っていたが、今では松やヒノキと共に霜や雪に耐えている。曾与蒿藜同雨露,Once sharing rain and dew with weeds and wormwood, now enduring frost and snow with pines and cypresses.终随松柏到冰霜.曾与蒿藜同雨露한때 잡초와 쑥과 함께 비와 이슬을 나누던 곳이 이제는 소나무와 삼나무와 함께 서리와 눈을 견뎌내고 있다.,终随松柏到冰霜.譖セ荳手珍阯懷酔髮ィ髴イ�檎サ磯囂譚セ譟丞芦蜀ー髴�曾与蒿藜同雨露,鏇句笌钂胯棞鍚岄洦闇诧紝缁堥殢鏉炬煆鍒板啺闇�终随松柏到冰霜.曾与蒿藜同雨露,한때 잡초와 쑥과 함께 비와 이슬을 나누던 곳이 이제는 소나무와 삼나무와 함께 서리와 눈을 견뎌내고 있다.终随松柏到冰霜.曾与蒿藜同雨露,终随松柏到冰霜. rahbord-ins.ir - GrazzMean-Shell
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name : test_urlparse.py
import sys
import unicodedata
import unittest
import urllib.parse

RFC1808_BASE = "http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f"
RFC2396_BASE = "http://a/b/c/d;p?q"
RFC3986_BASE = 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q'
SIMPLE_BASE  = 'http://a/b/c/d'

# A list of test cases.  Each test case is a two-tuple that contains
# a string with the query and a dictionary with the expected result.

parse_qsl_test_cases = [
    ("", []),
    ("&", []),
    ("&&", []),
    ("=", [('', '')]),
    ("=a", [('', 'a')]),
    ("a", [('a', '')]),
    ("a=", [('a', '')]),
    ("a=", [('a', '')]),
    ("&a=b", [('a', 'b')]),
    ("a=a+b&b=b+c", [('a', 'a b'), ('b', 'b c')]),
    ("a=1&a=2", [('a', '1'), ('a', '2')]),
    (b"", []),
    (b"&", []),
    (b"&&", []),
    (b"=", [(b'', b'')]),
    (b"=a", [(b'', b'a')]),
    (b"a", [(b'a', b'')]),
    (b"a=", [(b'a', b'')]),
    (b"a=", [(b'a', b'')]),
    (b"&a=b", [(b'a', b'b')]),
    (b"a=a+b&b=b+c", [(b'a', b'a b'), (b'b', b'b c')]),
    (b"a=1&a=2", [(b'a', b'1'), (b'a', b'2')]),
]

class UrlParseTestCase(unittest.TestCase):

    def checkRoundtrips(self, url, parsed, split):
        result = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
        self.assertEqual(result, parsed)
        t = (result.scheme, result.netloc, result.path,
             result.params, result.query, result.fragment)
        self.assertEqual(t, parsed)
        # put it back together and it should be the same
        result2 = urllib.parse.urlunparse(result)
        self.assertEqual(result2, url)
        self.assertEqual(result2, result.geturl())

        # the result of geturl() is a fixpoint; we can always parse it
        # again to get the same result:
        result3 = urllib.parse.urlparse(result.geturl())
        self.assertEqual(result3.geturl(), result.geturl())
        self.assertEqual(result3,          result)
        self.assertEqual(result3.scheme,   result.scheme)
        self.assertEqual(result3.netloc,   result.netloc)
        self.assertEqual(result3.path,     result.path)
        self.assertEqual(result3.params,   result.params)
        self.assertEqual(result3.query,    result.query)
        self.assertEqual(result3.fragment, result.fragment)
        self.assertEqual(result3.username, result.username)
        self.assertEqual(result3.password, result.password)
        self.assertEqual(result3.hostname, result.hostname)
        self.assertEqual(result3.port,     result.port)

        # check the roundtrip using urlsplit() as well
        result = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(result, split)
        t = (result.scheme, result.netloc, result.path,
             result.query, result.fragment)
        self.assertEqual(t, split)
        result2 = urllib.parse.urlunsplit(result)
        self.assertEqual(result2, url)
        self.assertEqual(result2, result.geturl())

        # check the fixpoint property of re-parsing the result of geturl()
        result3 = urllib.parse.urlsplit(result.geturl())
        self.assertEqual(result3.geturl(), result.geturl())
        self.assertEqual(result3,          result)
        self.assertEqual(result3.scheme,   result.scheme)
        self.assertEqual(result3.netloc,   result.netloc)
        self.assertEqual(result3.path,     result.path)
        self.assertEqual(result3.query,    result.query)
        self.assertEqual(result3.fragment, result.fragment)
        self.assertEqual(result3.username, result.username)
        self.assertEqual(result3.password, result.password)
        self.assertEqual(result3.hostname, result.hostname)
        self.assertEqual(result3.port,     result.port)

    def test_qsl(self):
        for orig, expect in parse_qsl_test_cases:
            result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl(orig, keep_blank_values=True)
            self.assertEqual(result, expect, "Error parsing %r" % orig)
            expect_without_blanks = [v for v in expect if len(v[1])]
            result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl(orig, keep_blank_values=False)
            self.assertEqual(result, expect_without_blanks,
                            "Error parsing %r" % orig)

    def test_roundtrips(self):
        str_cases = [
            ('file:///tmp/junk.txt',
             ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '', ''),
             ('file', '', '/tmp/junk.txt', '', '')),
            ('imap://mail.python.org/mbox1',
             ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '', ''),
             ('imap', 'mail.python.org', '/mbox1', '', '')),
            ('mms://wms.sys.hinet.net/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
             ('mms', 'wms.sys.hinet.net', '/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
              '', '', ''),
             ('mms', 'wms.sys.hinet.net', '/cts/Drama/09006251100.asf',
              '', '')),
            ('nfs://server/path/to/file.txt',
             ('nfs', 'server', '/path/to/file.txt', '', '', ''),
             ('nfs', 'server', '/path/to/file.txt', '', '')),
            ('svn+ssh://svn.zope.org/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
             ('svn+ssh', 'svn.zope.org', '/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
              '', '', ''),
             ('svn+ssh', 'svn.zope.org', '/repos/main/ZConfig/trunk/',
              '', '')),
            ('git+ssh://git@github.com/user/project.git',
            ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
             '','',''),
            ('git+ssh', 'git@github.com','/user/project.git',
             '', '')),
            ]
        def _encode(t):
            return (t[0].encode('ascii'),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[1]),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[2]))
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        for url, parsed, split in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)

    def test_http_roundtrips(self):
        # urllib.parse.urlsplit treats 'http:' as an optimized special case,
        # so we test both 'http:' and 'https:' in all the following.
        # Three cheers for white box knowledge!
        str_cases = [
            ('://www.python.org',
             ('www.python.org', '', '', '', ''),
             ('www.python.org', '', '', '')),
            ('://www.python.org#abc',
             ('www.python.org', '', '', '', 'abc'),
             ('www.python.org', '', '', 'abc')),
            ('://www.python.org?q=abc',
             ('www.python.org', '', '', 'q=abc', ''),
             ('www.python.org', '', 'q=abc', '')),
            ('://www.python.org/#abc',
             ('www.python.org', '/', '', '', 'abc'),
             ('www.python.org', '/', '', 'abc')),
            ('://a/b/c/d;p?q#f',
             ('a', '/b/c/d', 'p', 'q', 'f'),
             ('a', '/b/c/d;p', 'q', 'f')),
            ]
        def _encode(t):
            return (t[0].encode('ascii'),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[1]),
                    tuple(x.encode('ascii') for x in t[2]))
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        str_schemes = ('http', 'https')
        bytes_schemes = (b'http', b'https')
        str_tests = str_schemes, str_cases
        bytes_tests = bytes_schemes, bytes_cases
        for schemes, test_cases in (str_tests, bytes_tests):
            for scheme in schemes:
                for url, parsed, split in test_cases:
                    url = scheme + url
                    parsed = (scheme,) + parsed
                    split = (scheme,) + split
                    self.checkRoundtrips(url, parsed, split)

    def checkJoin(self, base, relurl, expected):
        str_components = (base, relurl, expected)
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(base, relurl), expected)
        bytes_components = baseb, relurlb, expectedb = [
                            x.encode('ascii') for x in str_components]
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urljoin(baseb, relurlb), expectedb)

    def test_unparse_parse(self):
        str_cases = ['Python', './Python','x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff','x://y','x:/y','x:/','/',]
        bytes_cases = [x.encode('ascii') for x in str_cases]
        for u in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlunsplit(urllib.parse.urlsplit(u)), u)
            self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlunparse(urllib.parse.urlparse(u)), u)

    def test_RFC1808(self):
        # "normal" cases from RFC 1808:
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g:h', 'g:h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/g', 'http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '//g', 'http://g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y', 'http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '#s', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g#s', 'http://a/b/c/g#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g#s/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g;x', 'http://a/b/c/g;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g;x?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '.', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '..', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../..', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../g', 'http://a/g')

        # "abnormal" cases from RFC 1808:
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#f')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/../g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '../../../../g', 'http://a/../../g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/./g', 'http://a/./g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '/../g', 'http://a/../g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g.', 'http://a/b/c/g.')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '.g', 'http://a/b/c/.g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g..', 'http://a/b/c/g..')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, '..g', 'http://a/b/c/..g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, './g/.', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/./h', 'http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'g/../h', 'http://a/b/c/h')

        # RFC 1808 and RFC 1630 disagree on these (according to RFC 1808),
        # so we'll not actually run these tests (which expect 1808 behavior).
        #self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:g', 'http:g')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC1808_BASE, 'http:', 'http:')

    def test_RFC2368(self):
        # Issue 11467: path that starts with a number is not parsed correctly
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse('mailto:1337@example.org'),
                ('mailto', '', '1337@example.org', '', '', ''))

    def test_RFC2396(self):
        # cases from RFC 2396


        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g:h', 'g:h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './g', 'http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/g', 'http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '//g', 'http://g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y', 'http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '#s', 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s', 'http://a/b/c/g#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x', 'http://a/b/c/g;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x?y#s', 'http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '.', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './', 'http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '..', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../', 'http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../..', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../', 'http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../g', 'http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '', RFC2396_BASE)
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../../g', 'http://a/../g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '../../../../g', 'http://a/../../g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/./g', 'http://a/./g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '/../g', 'http://a/../g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g.', 'http://a/b/c/g.')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '.g', 'http://a/b/c/.g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g..', 'http://a/b/c/g..')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, '..g', 'http://a/b/c/..g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './../g', 'http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, './g/.', 'http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/./h', 'http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g/../h', 'http://a/b/c/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x=1/./y', 'http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g;x=1/../y', 'http://a/b/c/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g?y/../x', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/../x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s/./x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, 'g#s/../x', 'http://a/b/c/g#s/../x')

    def test_RFC3986(self):
        # Test cases from RFC3986
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC2396_BASE, ';x', 'http://a/b/c/;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '//g','http://g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d;p?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '#s','http://a/b/c/d;p?q#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s','http://a/b/c/g#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y#s','http://a/b/c/g?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, ';x','http://a/b/c/;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x','http://a/b/c/g;x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x?y#s','http://a/b/c/g;x?y#s')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '','http://a/b/c/d;p?q')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '.','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '..','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../..','http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../','http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../g','http://a/g')

        #Abnormal Examples

        # The 'abnormal scenarios' are incompatible with RFC2986 parsing
        # Tests are here for reference.

        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../g','http://a/g')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '../../../../g','http://a/g')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/./g','http://a/g')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '/../g','http://a/g')

        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g.','http://a/b/c/g.')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '.g','http://a/b/c/.g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g..','http://a/b/c/g..')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, '..g','http://a/b/c/..g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, './g/.','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x=1/./y','http://a/b/c/g;x=1/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g;x=1/../y','http://a/b/c/y')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g?y/../x','http://a/b/c/g?y/../x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s/./x','http://a/b/c/g#s/./x')
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'g#s/../x','http://a/b/c/g#s/../x')
        #self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'http:g','http:g') # strict parser
        self.checkJoin(RFC3986_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g') #relaxed parser

        # Test for issue9721
        self.checkJoin('http://a/b/c/de', ';x','http://a/b/c/;x')

    def test_urljoins(self):
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g:h','g:h')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '/g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '//g','http://g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '.','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './','http://a/b/c/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '..','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../','http://a/b/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../..','http://a/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../../g','http://a/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '../../../g','http://a/../g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './../g','http://a/b/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, './g/.','http://a/b/c/g/')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, '/./g','http://a/./g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/./h','http://a/b/c/g/h')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'g/../h','http://a/b/c/h')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g','http://a/b/c/g')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:','http://a/b/c/d')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:?y','http://a/b/c/d?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y','http://a/b/c/g?y')
        self.checkJoin(SIMPLE_BASE, 'http:g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin('http:///', '..','http:///')
        self.checkJoin('', 'http://a/b/c/g?y/./x','http://a/b/c/g?y/./x')
        self.checkJoin('', 'http://a/./g', 'http://a/./g')
        self.checkJoin('svn://pathtorepo/dir1', 'dir2', 'svn://pathtorepo/dir2')
        self.checkJoin('svn+ssh://pathtorepo/dir1', 'dir2', 'svn+ssh://pathtorepo/dir2')

    def test_RFC2732(self):
        str_cases = [
            ('http://Test.python.org:5432/foo/', 'test.python.org', 5432),
            ('http://12.34.56.78:5432/foo/', '12.34.56.78', 5432),
            ('http://[::1]:5432/foo/', '::1', 5432),
            ('http://[dead:beef::1]:5432/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', 5432),
            ('http://[dead:beef::]:5432/foo/', 'dead:beef::', 5432),
            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]:5432/foo/',
             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', 5432),
            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]:5432/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', 5432),
            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]:5432/foo/',
             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', 5432),
            ('http://Test.python.org/foo/', 'test.python.org', None),
            ('http://12.34.56.78/foo/', '12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::1]/foo/', '::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::1]/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::]/foo/', 'dead:beef::', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]/foo/',
             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', None),
            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]/foo/',
             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://Test.python.org:/foo/', 'test.python.org', None),
            ('http://12.34.56.78:/foo/', '12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::1]:/foo/', '::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::1]:/foo/', 'dead:beef::1', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef::]:/foo/', 'dead:beef::', None),
            ('http://[dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8FA3:deaf:feed]:/foo/',
             'dead:beef:cafe:5417:affe:8fa3:deaf:feed', None),
            ('http://[::12.34.56.78]:/foo/', '::12.34.56.78', None),
            ('http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78]:/foo/',
             '::ffff:12.34.56.78', None),
            ]
        def _encode(t):
            return t[0].encode('ascii'), t[1].encode('ascii'), t[2]
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        for url, hostname, port in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            urlparsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
            self.assertEqual((urlparsed.hostname, urlparsed.port) , (hostname, port))

        str_cases = [
                'http://::12.34.56.78]/',
                'http://[::1/foo/',
                'ftp://[::1/foo/bad]/bad',
                'http://[::1/foo/bad]/bad',
                'http://[::ffff:12.34.56.78']
        bytes_cases = [x.encode('ascii') for x in str_cases]
        for invalid_url in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, urllib.parse.urlparse, invalid_url)

    def test_urldefrag(self):
        str_cases = [
            ('http://python.org#frag', 'http://python.org', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org', 'http://python.org', ''),
            ('http://python.org/#frag', 'http://python.org/', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org/', 'http://python.org/', ''),
            ('http://python.org/?q#frag', 'http://python.org/?q', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org/?q', 'http://python.org/?q', ''),
            ('http://python.org/p#frag', 'http://python.org/p', 'frag'),
            ('http://python.org/p?q', 'http://python.org/p?q', ''),
            (RFC1808_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', 'f'),
            (RFC2396_BASE, 'http://a/b/c/d;p?q', ''),
        ]
        def _encode(t):
            return type(t)(x.encode('ascii') for x in t)
        bytes_cases = [_encode(x) for x in str_cases]
        for url, defrag, frag in str_cases + bytes_cases:
            result = urllib.parse.urldefrag(url)
            self.assertEqual(result.geturl(), url)
            self.assertEqual(result, (defrag, frag))
            self.assertEqual(result.url, defrag)
            self.assertEqual(result.fragment, frag)

    def test_urlsplit_attributes(self):
        url = "HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG/doc/#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "WWW.PYTHON.ORG")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        # geturl() won't return exactly the original URL in this case
        # since the scheme is always case-normalized
        # We handle this by ignoring the first 4 characters of the URL
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl()[4:], url[4:])

        url = "http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

        # Addressing issue1698, which suggests Username can contain
        # "@" characters.  Though not RFC compliant, many ftp sites allow
        # and request email addresses as usernames.

        url = "http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, "http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, "/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, "query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, "frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, "User@example.com")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, "Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, "www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

        # And check them all again, only with bytes this time
        url = b"HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG/doc/#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"WWW.PYTHON.ORG")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl()[4:], url[4:])

        url = b"http://User:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

        url = b"http://User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080/doc/?query=yes#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.scheme, b"http")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080")
        self.assertEqual(p.path, b"/doc/")
        self.assertEqual(p.query, b"query=yes")
        self.assertEqual(p.fragment, b"frag")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, b"User@example.com")
        self.assertEqual(p.password, b"Pass")
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, b"www.python.org")
        self.assertEqual(p.port, 80)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), url)

        # Verify an illegal port is returned as None
        url = b"HTTP://WWW.PYTHON.ORG:65536/doc/#frag"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)

    def test_attributes_bad_port(self):
        """Check handling of non-integer ports."""
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit("http://www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)

        p = urllib.parse.urlparse("http://www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)

        # Once again, repeat ourselves to test bytes
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(b"http://www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)

        p = urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"www.example.net:foo")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: p.port)

    def test_attributes_without_netloc(self):
        # This example is straight from RFC 3261.  It looks like it
        # should allow the username, hostname, and port to be filled
        # in, but doesn't.  Since it's a URI and doesn't use the
        # scheme://netloc syntax, the netloc and related attributes
        # should be left empty.
        uri = "sip:alice@atlanta.com;maddr=239.255.255.1;ttl=15"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

        p = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, "")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

        # You guessed it, repeating the test with bytes input
        uri = b"sip:alice@atlanta.com;maddr=239.255.255.1;ttl=15"
        p = urllib.parse.urlsplit(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

        p = urllib.parse.urlparse(uri)
        self.assertEqual(p.netloc, b"")
        self.assertEqual(p.username, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.password, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.hostname, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(p.geturl(), uri)

    def test_noslash(self):
        # Issue 1637: http://foo.com?query is legal
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http://example.com?blahblah=/foo"),
                         ('http', 'example.com', '', '', 'blahblah=/foo', ''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://example.com?blahblah=/foo"),
                         (b'http', b'example.com', b'', b'', b'blahblah=/foo', b''))

    def test_withoutscheme(self):
        # Test urlparse without scheme
        # Issue 754016: urlparse goes wrong with IP:port without scheme
        # RFC 1808 specifies that netloc should start with //, urlparse expects
        # the same, otherwise it classifies the portion of url as path.
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("path"),
                ('','','path','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("//www.python.org:80"),
                ('','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
                ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
        # Repeat for bytes input
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"path"),
                (b'',b'',b'path',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"//www.python.org:80"),
                (b'',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://www.python.org:80"),
                (b'http',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))

    def test_portseparator(self):
        # Issue 754016 makes changes for port separator ':' from scheme separator
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("path:80"),
                ('','','path:80','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http:"),('http','','','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("https:"),('https','','','','',''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("http://www.python.org:80"),
                ('http','www.python.org:80','','','',''))
        # As usual, need to check bytes input as well
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"path:80"),
                (b'',b'',b'path:80',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http:"),(b'http',b'',b'',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"https:"),(b'https',b'',b'',b'',b'',b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"http://www.python.org:80"),
                (b'http',b'www.python.org:80',b'',b'',b'',b''))

    def test_usingsys(self):
        # Issue 3314: sys module is used in the error
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.urlencode, "foo")

    def test_anyscheme(self):
        # Issue 7904: s3://foo.com/stuff has netloc "foo.com".
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("s3://foo.com/stuff"),
                         ('s3', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', '', ''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff"),
                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', '', ''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query#fragment"),
                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', 'query', 'fragment'))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse("x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query"),
                         ('x-newscheme', 'foo.com', '/stuff', '', 'query', ''))

        # And for bytes...
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"s3://foo.com/stuff"),
                         (b's3', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'', b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff"),
                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'', b''))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query#fragment"),
                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'query', b'fragment'))
        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.urlparse(b"x-newscheme://foo.com/stuff?query"),
                         (b'x-newscheme', b'foo.com', b'/stuff', b'', b'query', b''))

    def test_default_scheme(self):
        # Exercise the scheme parameter of urlparse() and urlsplit()
        for func in (urllib.parse.urlparse, urllib.parse.urlsplit):
            with self.subTest(function=func):
                result = func("http://example.net/", "ftp")
                self.assertEqual(result.scheme, "http")
                result = func(b"http://example.net/", b"ftp")
                self.assertEqual(result.scheme, b"http")
                self.assertEqual(func("path", "ftp").scheme, "ftp")
                self.assertEqual(func("path", scheme="ftp").scheme, "ftp")
                self.assertEqual(func(b"path", scheme=b"ftp").scheme, b"ftp")
                self.assertEqual(func("path").scheme, "")
                self.assertEqual(func(b"path").scheme, b"")
                self.assertEqual(func(b"path", "").scheme, b"")

    def test_parse_fragments(self):
        # Exercise the allow_fragments parameter of urlparse() and urlsplit()
        tests = (
            ("http:#frag", "path", "frag"),
            ("//example.net#frag", "path", "frag"),
            ("index.html#frag", "path", "frag"),
            (";a=b#frag", "params", "frag"),
            ("?a=b#frag", "query", "frag"),
            ("#frag", "path", "frag"),
            ("abc#@frag", "path", "@frag"),
            ("//abc#@frag", "path", "@frag"),
            ("//abc:80#@frag", "path", "@frag"),
            ("//abc#@frag:80", "path", "@frag:80"),
        )
        for url, attr, expected_frag in tests:
            for func in (urllib.parse.urlparse, urllib.parse.urlsplit):
                if attr == "params" and func is urllib.parse.urlsplit:
                    attr = "path"
                with self.subTest(url=url, function=func):
                    result = func(url, allow_fragments=False)
                    self.assertEqual(result.fragment, "")
                    self.assertTrue(
                            getattr(result, attr).endswith("#" + expected_frag))
                    self.assertEqual(func(url, "", False).fragment, "")

                    result = func(url, allow_fragments=True)
                    self.assertEqual(result.fragment, expected_frag)
                    self.assertFalse(
                            getattr(result, attr).endswith(expected_frag))
                    self.assertEqual(func(url, "", True).fragment,
                                     expected_frag)
                    self.assertEqual(func(url).fragment, expected_frag)

    def test_mixed_types_rejected(self):
        # Several functions that process either strings or ASCII encoded bytes
        # accept multiple arguments. Check they reject mixed type input
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlparse("www.python.org", b"http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlparse(b"www.python.org", "http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlsplit("www.python.org", b"http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlsplit(b"www.python.org", "http")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunparse(( b"http", "www.python.org","","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunparse(("http", b"www.python.org","","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunsplit((b"http", "www.python.org","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urlunsplit(("http", b"www.python.org","","",""))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urljoin("http://python.org", b"http://python.org")
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "Cannot mix str"):
            urllib.parse.urljoin(b"http://python.org", "http://python.org")

    def _check_result_type(self, str_type):
        num_args = len(str_type._fields)
        bytes_type = str_type._encoded_counterpart
        self.assertIs(bytes_type._decoded_counterpart, str_type)
        str_args = ('',) * num_args
        bytes_args = (b'',) * num_args
        str_result = str_type(*str_args)
        bytes_result = bytes_type(*bytes_args)
        encoding = 'ascii'
        errors = 'strict'
        self.assertEqual(str_result, str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(), str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(), str_result)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding), str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding), str_result)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding, errors), str_args)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result.decode(encoding, errors), str_result)
        self.assertEqual(bytes_result, bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(), bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(), bytes_result)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding), bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding), bytes_result)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding, errors), bytes_args)
        self.assertEqual(str_result.encode(encoding, errors), bytes_result)

    def test_result_pairs(self):
        # Check encoding and decoding between result pairs
        result_types = [
          urllib.parse.DefragResult,
          urllib.parse.SplitResult,
          urllib.parse.ParseResult,
        ]
        for result_type in result_types:
            self._check_result_type(result_type)

    def test_parse_qs_encoding(self):
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\xE9']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="utf-8")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\xE9']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\ufffd\ufffd']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141\ufffd-']})
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qs("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii",
                                                          errors="ignore")
        self.assertEqual(result, {'key': ['\u0141-']})

    def test_parse_qsl_encoding(self):
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9", encoding="latin-1")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="utf-8")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\xE9')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%C3%A9", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\ufffd\ufffd')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141\ufffd-')])
        result = urllib.parse.parse_qsl("key=\u0141%E9-", encoding="ascii",
                                                          errors="ignore")
        self.assertEqual(result, [('key', '\u0141-')])

    def test_urlencode_sequences(self):
        # Other tests incidentally urlencode things; test non-covered cases:
        # Sequence and object values.
        result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': [1, 2], 'b': (3, 4, 5)}, True)
        # we cannot rely on ordering here
        assert set(result.split('&')) == {'a=1', 'a=2', 'b=3', 'b=4', 'b=5'}

        class Trivial:
            def __str__(self):
                return 'trivial'

        result = urllib.parse.urlencode({'a': Trivial()}, True)
        self.assertEqual(result, 'a=trivial')

    def test_quote_from_bytes(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes, 'foo')
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(b'archaeological arcana')
        self.assertEqual(result, 'archaeological%20arcana')
        result = urllib.parse.quote_from_bytes(b'')
        self.assertEqual(result, '')

    def test_unquote_to_bytes(self):
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes('abc%20def')
        self.assertEqual(result, b'abc def')
        result = urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes('')
        self.assertEqual(result, b'')

    def test_quote_errors(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote, b'foo',
                          encoding='utf-8')
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, urllib.parse.quote, b'foo', errors='strict')

    def test_issue14072(self):
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('tel:+31-641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+31-641044153')
        p2 = urllib.parse.urlsplit('tel:+31641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p2.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '+31641044153')
        # assert the behavior for urlparse
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:+31-641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+31-641044153')
        p2 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:+31641044153')
        self.assertEqual(p2.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p2.path, '+31641044153')

    def test_telurl_params(self):
        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:123-4;phone-context=+1-650-516')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '123-4')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-650-516')

        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:+1-201-555-0123')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '+1-201-555-0123')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, '')

        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:7042;phone-context=example.com')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '7042')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=example.com')

        p1 = urllib.parse.urlparse('tel:863-1234;phone-context=+1-914-555')
        self.assertEqual(p1.scheme, 'tel')
        self.assertEqual(p1.path, '863-1234')
        self.assertEqual(p1.params, 'phone-context=+1-914-555')

    def test_Quoter_repr(self):
        quoter = urllib.parse.Quoter(urllib.parse._ALWAYS_SAFE)
        self.assertIn('Quoter', repr(quoter))

    def test_urlsplit_normalization(self):
        # Certain characters should never occur in the netloc,
        # including under normalization.
        # Ensure that ALL of them are detected and cause an error
        illegal_chars = '/:#?@'
        hex_chars = {'{:04X}'.format(ord(c)) for c in illegal_chars}
        denorm_chars = [
            c for c in map(chr, range(128, sys.maxunicode))
            if (hex_chars & set(unicodedata.decomposition(c).split()))
            and c not in illegal_chars
        ]
        # Sanity check that we found at least one such character
        self.assertIn('\u2100', denorm_chars)
        self.assertIn('\uFF03', denorm_chars)

        for scheme in ["http", "https", "ftp"]:
            for c in denorm_chars:
                url = "{}://netloc{}false.netloc/path".format(scheme, c)
                with self.subTest(url=url, char='{:04X}'.format(ord(c))):
                    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
                        urllib.parse.urlsplit(url)

class Utility_Tests(unittest.TestCase):
    """Testcase to test the various utility functions in the urllib."""
    # In Python 2 this test class was in test_urllib.

    def test_splittype(self):
        splittype = urllib.parse.splittype
        self.assertEqual(splittype('type:opaquestring'), ('type', 'opaquestring'))
        self.assertEqual(splittype('opaquestring'), (None, 'opaquestring'))
        self.assertEqual(splittype(':opaquestring'), (None, ':opaquestring'))
        self.assertEqual(splittype('type:'), ('type', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splittype('type:opaque:string'), ('type', 'opaque:string'))

    def test_splithost(self):
        splithost = urllib.parse.splithost
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//www.example.org:80/foo/bar/baz.html'),
                         ('www.example.org:80', '/foo/bar/baz.html'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//www.example.org:80'),
                         ('www.example.org:80', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('/foo/bar/baz.html'),
                         (None, '/foo/bar/baz.html'))

        # bpo-30500: # starts a fragment.
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//127.0.0.1#@host.com'),
                         ('127.0.0.1', '/#@host.com'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//127.0.0.1#@host.com:80'),
                         ('127.0.0.1', '/#@host.com:80'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost('//127.0.0.1:80#@host.com'),
                         ('127.0.0.1:80', '/#@host.com'))

        # Empty host is returned as empty string.
        self.assertEqual(splithost("///file"),
                         ('', '/file'))

        # Trailing semicolon, question mark and hash symbol are kept.
        self.assertEqual(splithost("//example.net/file;"),
                         ('example.net', '/file;'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost("//example.net/file?"),
                         ('example.net', '/file?'))
        self.assertEqual(splithost("//example.net/file#"),
                         ('example.net', '/file#'))

    def test_splituser(self):
        splituser = urllib.parse.splituser
        self.assertEqual(splituser('User:Pass@www.python.org:080'),
                         ('User:Pass', 'www.python.org:080'))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('@www.python.org:080'),
                         ('', 'www.python.org:080'))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('www.python.org:080'),
                         (None, 'www.python.org:080'))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('User:Pass@'),
                         ('User:Pass', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splituser('User@example.com:Pass@www.python.org:080'),
                         ('User@example.com:Pass', 'www.python.org:080'))

    def test_splitpasswd(self):
        # Some of the password examples are not sensible, but it is added to
        # confirming to RFC2617 and addressing issue4675.
        splitpasswd = urllib.parse.splitpasswd
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:ab'), ('user', 'ab'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\nb'), ('user', 'a\nb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\tb'), ('user', 'a\tb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\rb'), ('user', 'a\rb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\fb'), ('user', 'a\fb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a\vb'), ('user', 'a\vb'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a:b'), ('user', 'a:b'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:a b'), ('user', 'a b'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user 2:ab'), ('user 2', 'ab'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user+1:a+b'), ('user+1', 'a+b'))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user:'), ('user', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd('user'), ('user', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitpasswd(':ab'), ('', 'ab'))

    def test_splitport(self):
        splitport = urllib.parse.splitport
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot:88'), ('parrot', '88'))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot'), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot:'), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('127.0.0.1'), ('127.0.0.1', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('parrot:cheese'), ('parrot:cheese', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('[::1]:88'), ('[::1]', '88'))
        self.assertEqual(splitport('[::1]'), ('[::1]', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitport(':88'), ('', '88'))

    def test_splitnport(self):
        splitnport = urllib.parse.splitnport
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:88'), ('parrot', 88))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot'), ('parrot', -1))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot', 55), ('parrot', 55))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:'), ('parrot', -1))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:', 55), ('parrot', 55))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('127.0.0.1'), ('127.0.0.1', -1))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('127.0.0.1', 55), ('127.0.0.1', 55))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:cheese'), ('parrot', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitnport('parrot:cheese', 55), ('parrot', None))

    def test_splitquery(self):
        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; ensure that we also
        # catch cases with no port specified (testcase ensuring coverage)
        splitquery = urllib.parse.splitquery
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar'),
                         ('http://python.org/fake', 'foo=bar'))
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar?'),
                         ('http://python.org/fake?foo=bar', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('http://python.org/fake'),
                         ('http://python.org/fake', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitquery('?foo=bar'), ('', 'foo=bar'))

    def test_splittag(self):
        splittag = urllib.parse.splittag
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar#baz'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar', 'baz'))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar#'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('#baz'), ('', 'baz'))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar', None))
        self.assertEqual(splittag('http://example.com?foo=bar#baz#boo'),
                         ('http://example.com?foo=bar#baz', 'boo'))

    def test_splitattr(self):
        splitattr = urllib.parse.splitattr
        self.assertEqual(splitattr('/path;attr1=value1;attr2=value2'),
                         ('/path', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2']))
        self.assertEqual(splitattr('/path;'), ('/path', ['']))
        self.assertEqual(splitattr(';attr1=value1;attr2=value2'),
                         ('', ['attr1=value1', 'attr2=value2']))
        self.assertEqual(splitattr('/path'), ('/path', []))

    def test_splitvalue(self):
        # Normal cases are exercised by other tests; test pathological cases
        # with no key/value pairs. (testcase ensuring coverage)
        splitvalue = urllib.parse.splitvalue
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foo=bar'), ('foo', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foo='), ('foo', ''))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('=bar'), ('', 'bar'))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foobar'), ('foobar', None))
        self.assertEqual(splitvalue('foo=bar=baz'), ('foo', 'bar=baz'))

    def test_to_bytes(self):
        result = urllib.parse.to_bytes('http://www.python.org')
        self.assertEqual(result, 'http://www.python.org')
        self.assertRaises(UnicodeError, urllib.parse.to_bytes,
                          'http://www.python.org/medi\u00e6val')

    def test_unwrap(self):
        url = urllib.parse.unwrap('<URL:type://host/path>')
        self.assertEqual(url, 'type://host/path')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()
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